The Tragic Hero And Butterworth s Johnny Byron - 1446 Words

Jez Butterworth undeniably flaunts the conventions of comedy in Jerusalem to create a profound but amusing philosophical satire, observing and mocking modern society. Morally objectionable ideals present in everyday life are examined and ridiculed, inevitably leading to the development of morally objectionable characters and social groups. As a result, Johnny Byron doesn’t neatly fit the definitions of either a tragic hero or a comedic protagonist but instead has traits of the two. He is both an outrageously hedonistic Falstaffian character whist arousing pity and fear, able to question the motivation of other characters whilst himself being hubristic and unable to admit error. Despite his comedic attributes, Byron’s character undoubtedly lends itself more to the tragic arc as the audience witnesses his bloody downfall from relative grace, evoking both pity and disgust. The most obvious parallel between the Aristotelian tragic hero and Butterworth’s Johnny Byron is the uncovering of his tragic flaw. Throughout the drama Byron demonstrates an inability to move on or mature, symbolised by his â€Å"fairly permanent† caravan along with the many relics of a time gone by scattered about his clearing. It’s possible that Butterworth intended this to be a metaphor for England and traditional views of Englishness (most obviously symbolised by a sign reading â€Å"Waterloo† on the side of the caravan), and that through this satire he is lamenting man’s fate as Englishness is lost through

The Success Of The American Dream - 1092 Words

When many cultures and ethnicities come to American they come for the get the opportunity the American offer. That is the American dream. Many people want to live and work hard to make it the top of the socio-economic ladder and have a chance to live. However, for many people they say it’s hard to climb that ladder due to many circumstances that hold them back. From poverty, college debt, inequality many Americans think the dream is not attainable. Nevertheless, there is are many ways to overturn those claims. To attain the American dream it’s about hard work and dedication. Nothing in life comes easy and only by work for success will help people climb that ladder. You also need the education to make this happen. Education is the key to anybody’s success because you have to knowledgeable about the field of work you are in. With trying to climb the socio-economic ladder you first have to attain a proper education to make it anywhere in America. Higher education is always recommended for people who want to advance in their workplace. You cannot expect to move your class mobility without education. In LearnVest, they state in their article that, â€Å"despite the current lack of mobility in the U.S., one thing has been shown to help people across all economics classes raise themselves up: a college education† (LearnVest). To elaborate on this they are saying that with at least a bachelor degree you have a better opportunity to get a higher position in the workplace. AnotherShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of The American Dream942 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"American Dream† is considered as an ideal term and has many interpretations. But basically â€Å"American Dream† is defined as the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of the people living in America. Lots of people immigrate to America in search of â€Å"American Dream†. They come in America to fulfil their â€Å"American Dream† which is compo sed of freedom, security and most importantly, opportunities. America is considered as the land of opportunities and the large availability of the opportunitiesRead MoreThe Success Of The American Dream767 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is based on the idea that, â€Å"America where no matter who you are, no matter what you look like, no matter where you come from, no matter what your last name is, no matter who you love, you can make it here if you try.† (97). While United States was built on this idea, it is becoming harder and harder for people to move up in social status because of the inequality. Obtaining success in life used to be considered equal for all regardless of background. If you worked hard enough andRead MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesWittlake 28 April 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player andRead MoreThe American Dream Through Success And Social Mobility1405 Words   |  6 PagesWhen most people think of the American Dream they often visualize the typical white fence, the two children, and an overall perfect family. When people think of the American Dream they think of the dream jobs which consist of being a doctor, lawyer, or a widely known talk show host. The people who have the voice determine what is ideal in society and what isn’t. They try to sell you this pitch that the American Dream is obtainable and what you put in to the system, you get out; This is also knowRead MoreAmerican Dream : Resources And Competency Are Recipes For Success Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream: Resources and Competency are Recipes for Success American Dream as defined by Merriam-Webster online as â€Å"an American social ideal that stresses egalitarianism and especially material prosperity.† What is the American Dream to you? Is it having a stable and a high-paying job? How about owning a beautiful house, car, and bank account? Perhaps, your definition of the American Dream is being the founder and owner of a multi-billion dollar business empire that has businesses in everyRead MoreThe American Dream: Freedom, Hard Work Guarantees Success and Less Racism868 Words   |  4 Pageswitness an African American get up and move to the back of a bus for a Caucasian? No, that is not the case anymore. America is a better country now. In source E it says, â€Å"The chair in Washington sat had a sun, and the question was asked, is it rising or setting?† This quote questions whether or not America is falling apart or getting better. The American Dream is an ideal that has changed over time and is achievable becaus e of freedom, the idea that hard work guarantees success, and less racismRead MoreThe American Dream As An Idea Of Achieving Success And Wealth Through The Process Of Creativity1050 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Acceptance The American Dream serves as an idea of achieving success and wealth through the process of creativity, perseverance, and determination. In â€Å"American Dreamer,† Bharti Mukherjee explores three different cultures and explains her experience with each one. Through the difficulties within each culture, she builds on her personal identity along with her cultural identity. Because of the exploration of different places, Mukherjee discovers her cultural identity. Because of the strictRead MoreThe American Dream1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe idea of the American Dream can be first traced back to a book called The Epic of America by author James Truslow, where he states, â€Å"The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better, richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.† This idea of better opportunity really summarizes the goal of many early American immigrants as they traveled from faraway lands in hopes of a better future. Many would say this idea of prosperityRead MoreThe American Dream Is A Flawed Concept911 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream is a flawed concept, a deceptive motivator, which promotes fantasy and unrealistic capitalist goals (ideals) of success, while disregarding the immense costs. The American Dream, conceptualized among early American frontiersmen deeply impacted societal thinking and motivation. America meant â€Å"more†. More ideas, more possibilities, more space, more land, and finally, more success. This concept is timeless for Americans and aspiring American citizens. The American Dream can be brokenRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby1238 Words   |  5 PagesSince Columbus made land, people have been searching for the â€Å"American Dream†. Many people have their own idea and ideas that have changed over a period of time, but what exactly is the â€Å"American Dream† defined as .Origins of the dream have been rooted in the pioneering mentality of the eighteenth and nineteenth century immigrants, most who came to America because of a promise for a new and better life. The American Dream was sought through hard work and determination. After the time of the World

Asos Is A Global Online Fashion Destination - 1961 Words

Introduction ASOS is a global online fashion destination based in the U.K. The company has in recent years made a name for itself through its cutting-edge fast fashion, and this has been instrumental in making it a hub as far as the thriving fashion community is concerned. Through its variety of fashion-related content, the company sells over 75,000 own-brand and branded products through both web and localized experiences. The deliveries are done from the U.K to various destinations globally. ASOS has successfully tailored the mix of local, own-label and global brands which are traded through the company’s 9 local language websites (Beattie, 2013, 56). These are in the U.K, China, U.S, Russia, France, Australia, Germany, Italy and Spain.†¦show more content†¦This situation has dramatically been transformed by ASOS through its innovative technological advancements (Kohtamà ¤ki, 2016, 45). The company provides potential clients with comparative and detailed information about the di fferent models. Further, this facilitates a reverse market whereby buyers have the option of putting their purchase up for bid. This substantially accelerates and simplifies the buying process. It also greatly reduces the bargaining costs. A business model is instrumental in the operations of ASOS because it has the capacity to unlock hidden value through improving transactional efficiencies. This is because it enables reduced search costs, reduced inventory costs, as well as reduced distribution costs. Another way in which ASOS creates value is through complementarities. Organizations have always known the possibility of leveraging value creation when they bundle their products with other suppliers’ complementary products. Bundling complementary products over the internet has proven crucial for companies like ASOS. This is so because it has enabled the company to build online virtual communities through the numerous online platforms that the company has a presence in. for instance, ASOS enables its users to exchange ideas on the latest trends, and hen their desired products have reached the market. Given that the company largely targets youthful fashion lovers, itShow MoreRelatedAsos Is A Global Online Fashion Destination Based1632 Words   |  7 PagesStudy ASOS is a global online fashion destination based in the U.K. The company has in recent years made a name for itself through its cutting-edge fast fashion, and this has been instrumental in making it a hub as far as the thriving fashion community is concerned. Through its variety of fashion-related content, the company sells over 75,000 own-brand and branded products through both web and localized experiences. The deliveries are done from the U.K to various destinations globally. ASOS has successfullyRead MoreAsos Case Study1968 Words   |  8 Pages Executive Summary ASOS.com is a global online fashion and beauty retailer and offers over 50,000 branded and own label product lines across women’s wear, menswear, footwear, accessories, jewelry and beauty. It offers products that potential buyers see celebrities wearing and keeps up with the latest fashion trends. Compared to high street fashion, ASOS promises the best prices and free delivery. In the past years, there have been numerousRead MoreLogistics Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy1326 Words   |  6 PagesASOS Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy ASOS have become the destination for millions of customers not only due to their famous designer brands but their recommendations as well as content too. The company invests in both digital media as well as traditional media in the aim of reaching out to their target market. Many online stores produce transactions through the e-commerce alone or through their physical store, but being solely an e-business ASOS needs to exploit various advertisingRead MoreAsos Brand Audit Essay3775 Words   |  16 PagesASOS Brand Audit Report Authors: Executive Summary This report gives a detailed insight into Asos as a brand and a company it highlights how it maintains its aggressive growth strategy and continues to outperform its competitors. Additionally it tells the story of Asos from its inception in 2000 to the present day and gives a glimpse of where it could go in the future. Key Points: * History * Financials * Brand Image * SWOT Analysis * PEST Analysis Table of Contents Read MoreCase Study on Asos Essay3981 Words   |  16 PagesPremnath A Case Study On The Globalisation And Strategic Reign Of ASOS Subject: Retail Branding and identity Abstract This report analysis the strategic branding policies of the online retailer ASOS and comprehends its position in the global market. It evaluates the standardisation and adaptation techniques ASOS employed to become the no.1 online retailer in the world. The company vigilantly practices standardisation and adaptation in its brandRead MoreHow Asos Has Changed The Business Model3212 Words   |  13 PagesExecutive summary This report was commissioned to examine how ASOS has greatly uses their strategic business plan and integrated with the E-commerce to create sales miracle in the fashion industry. E-commerce has brought an enormous impact to the traditional business activities, it highlights the sign is to increase trade opportunities, reduce trade cost, simplify the trade process, improve the trade efficiency. E-commerce has significantly changed the business model. Lead to the transformation ofRead MoreLeading Online Fashion Retail Store1337 Words   |  6 Pagescom, which is the UK s leading online fashion retail store. Asos.com aims to be the number one online fashion destination for twenty- something who love fashion. ASOS offers 50,000 product lines under its own label and third party brands, covering women-swear, menswear, footwear, accessories, jewellery and beauty product distribute to customer in over 190 countries from its central distribution centre in the UK. Aimed at fashion forward twenty-somethings, ASOS attracts over 17.5 million uniqueRead MoreResearch Analysis of Development Opportunities for Asos.Com3714 Words   |  15 Pages(Theory practice Module Guide, p 22) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ASOS over ten years has become the market leader in the UK online fashion world with reported turnover of  £165 m in 2009. They have developed a very competitive edge in fashion retailing through innovation, various delivery options, excellent communication with its customers, well maintained website and expansion of their trade internationally. Until September 2008 ASOS as many other businesses benefited from economic boom and increasedRead MoreAn Analysis of the Current and Future Use of Internet Technologies of Boohoo.Com5657 Words   |  23 Pagesthe online fashion industry being one of the highest risk markets but on the other hand with high rewards. E-marketing is a large part of Boohoo’s marketing campaign, using an OPT database to collect customer information and analyse consumer spending patterns. This information is then used for viral marketing where Boohoo send out e-magazines to consumers providing recent fashion and product information. Boohoo also increases their brand awareness by advertising in popular women’s fashion magazinesRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy Essay1923 Words   |  8 PagesLaunched as a fast-fashion women’s e-tailer in 2009, is now an empowering, bold and forward-thinking online fashion brand inspired by real-life. The brand aims to create an online fashion destination that encompasses and celebrates everything it means to be a girl in a digital immersed world today (Missguided.co.uk, 2016). This is through offering consumers affordable fashion that is informed by its consumers and global influencers in the likes of: celebrities, social media, YouTubers, bloggers

Effects Of Deforestation On Amazon Forest Resilience Research

There is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease in transpiration and increase in temperature. Such rise in temperature leads to lack of rainfall, increase droughts and forest fires to which the fires will disrupt the water cycle even more. The effects of deforestation on Amazon forest resilience research by Zemp et al. (2017), build upon previous research done in the field of forestry studies and used similar methods to collect data. Although they have come to some shortcomings such as the risk of underestimating the differences which are introduced in evapotranspiration following deforestation, compared to study using fine-scale observations†¦show more content†¦Zemp et al. (2017)’s result on forest resilience in their simulation supports that the Amazon’s forest survival also decrease as there is an overlap between reductions of forest resilience with deforested ar eas. Despite the evidence showing the detrimental effects of deforestation, Zemp et al. (2017)’s research focuses primarily on the quantity of the forest and deforestation, as such, the research has a gap such that other geographical influences like fertilization, greenhouse gases, and water use, are not accounted for. However, Zemp et al. (2017) had gained more understanding as they had used other research papers, like [Spracklen and Garcia-Carreras, 2015; Lejeune et al., 2015], to close the unanswered gaps in the deforestation issue. Although the paper has explained the effect of deforestation on water fluxes, the problem remains that in the short and long term, regardless of any deforestation, many of the Amazon rainforest regions will continue to lose precipitation and become more vulnerable to disturbances from fire and droughts, even more so in the dry season (Zemp et al. 2017). The Drought and Deforestation: Has Land Cover Change Influenced Recent Precipitation Extremes in the Amazon? By Bagley et al. (2014), argue that current level of deforestation influences recent drought severity and magnitude of impacts from the land cover change which are altered in drought relative to pluvial years. They test their hypothesis using the WeatherShow MoreRelatedDeforestation Effects On Amazon Forest Resilience1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdemand more, more space will be needed and cutting away the trees for humans to use. Deforestation is the act of cutting and clearing a large area of trees. It is the cause of extreme damage to the ecosystem and sustainability of life. Deforestation is negatively affecting the interaction between the water cycle, soil sustainability, and trees stability. There is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease inRead MoreEffects of Climate Change on the Boreal Forests in Canada Essay example1720 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Climate Change on the Boreal Forests in Canada The boreal forest in Canada covers about a third the whole boreal forest in the polar region of the northern hemisphere. There are also other countries covered partly by the boreal forest like Russia and the Nordic and Scandinavian countries such as Norway, Finland and Sweden. In Canada, the boreal region covers about 60% of the land area, from Labrador and Newfoundland to the provinces of Alaska and Yukon. This area is mainly covered byRead MoreThe Environmental Diversity Of Venezuela1792 Words   |  8 Pageshabitats, Venezuela is considered to be among the 17 most megadiverse countries in the world.† (Wilpert, 2015, p. 1) Yet, it is one of the leaders of deforestation due to economic and political factors. This country is home to extensive rainforests ranging from cloud forests of the coastal mountain ranges to the rainforests of the Guiana shield and Amazon basin. From Rhett Butler (1994), â€Å"Venezuela has more than 21,000 species of plants, 353 mammal species, 323 rep tile species, 1,400 bird species, andRead MoreApplication of Gis in Natural Resourse Management10836 Words   |  44 Pagesdegradation of their natural resources. Expansion in technology, population and economic activities have led to accelerated and unsustainable exploitation and depletion of natural resources (satapathy etal., 2008). This degradation, especially of forest cover has led to diminishing soil fertility, soil erosion, increase severity of the impact of drought, and the further reduction in the ability to produce food and other biological resources demanded by the human and animal population (ibid ) Nigeria

Contractual Transaction Of Northside Developments Pty Limited

Question: Discuss about the Contractual Transaction Of Northside Developments Pty Ltd. Answer: Issue The primary issue in context of this case study is that whether the third party has the right to rely upon assumptions which can be made in relation to the internal management of the organization while getting into a contractual transaction. Rule The primary rule which is applicable in situation of making an assumption while entering into a transaction with a company has been provided via the ruling of the land mark case of The Royal British Bank v. Turquand (1856) and is famous and commonly known as the indoor management rule. The provisions of this rules signifies that the any person who gets into a dealing with a person acting on behalf of the company has the right to assume that the person has complied with all the internal regulations and requirements of the organization. However the rule cannot be applied in all circumstances and there have been many situations where the court have considered that the indoor management rule is not applicable in the provided circumstances. These cases as and the ruling and reasoning provided by the judges are as follows. One of the primary reasoning which had been provided by the court in relation to the application of the indoor management rule has been given through the case of Morris v. Kanssen (1946) AC 459. In this case taking into consideration the circumstances it had been reasoned against the applicability of the indoor management rule that the rule has been brought to existence for the purpose of addressing the issues which are faced a third party while getting into a transaction with a company but the application of the rule does not give power to a person to rely on it in an unreasonable manner. This means that in situation where a reasonable person would have the idea of making an inquiry due to the suspicion incurred by him, he has to make that inquiry and cannot merely rely upon the application of this rule. The inquiry has to be made towards the verification of the authority of the person who is purporting to act on behalf of the organization. The circumstances in which an inquiry would have been made by a reasonable person had been duly discussed in the famous case of E.B.M. Co. Ltd. v. Dominion Bank (1937) 3 All ER 555. In this case the judge ruled that an inqury has to be made by a reasonable person on the basis of the very nature of the dealing he is entering into even in circumstances where such person is in no special relationship with the company. These provisions have been also successfully discusses and applied in the case of A.L. Underwood Ltd. v. Bank of Liverpool (1924) 1 KB 775. The rule had been adjudged to be inapplicable in situation where there was an element of forgery as duly discussed in the case of Kreditbank Cassel G.m.b.H. v. Schenkers (1927) 1 KB 826. In this particular case the judge had made a ruling that the doctrine of making assumption can be applied in circumstances which have the element of irregularity which may have had an impact on the dealing otherwise in a bona fide manner and the application is strictly prohibited in situation where there is an element of forgery. Another case which such provisions were applied is the case of Ruben v Great Fingall Consolidated (1906) AC 439. However there are circumstances in which forgery cannot be utilized as a proper exception to the Indoor management rule. These have been stated through the case of Uxbridge Permanent Benefit Building Society v. Pickard (1939) 2 KB 248. Here the court had held the organization liable even where the agent had indulged into a transaction though fraud. The point which has to be however noted in relation to this case is that there was no common seal of the organization which had been used for the purpose of getting into the transaction. In situation where the very authority or power of the officer acting on behalf of the organization is subjected to the risk of being delegated under the provisions of the articles of association the indoor management rule can be applied. The reasoning had been provided by the judge in Houghton and Co. v. Nothard, Lowe and Wills (1927) 1 KB 246. It was further added to by the judge while making this ruling that the transaction entered into by the organization would be binding on a the company even in situation where the officer has acted beyond the authority provided to him until the third party had the knowledge of such authority being exceeded or no authority existing or having a reason to make further inquiry. The indoor management rule had been held to be subjected under the principles of the law of agency as ruled in the case of Crabtree-Vickers Pty. Ltd. v. Australian Direct Mail Advertising and Addressing Co. Pty. Ltd. (1975) 133 CLR 72, in addition the applicability of the rule depends upon the ostensible or actual authority of a person who purports to act on the companys behalf. The transaction in relation to this case had been held as not binding the organization if it has been prohibited by the constitution. Although the case did not make a ruling in relation to transaction involving the use of the common seal these provisions are no longer applicable as per section 124 of the Corporation Act. Where any director or officer of the organization has been found to negligent in relation to their duties they cannot uses such negligence as a shield to evade the application of the indoor management rule. This reasoning in favor of the application of the rule had been given by Bank of Ireland v. Evans' Trustees (1855) 5 HLC 389 (10 ER 950). In this case the secretary had committed fraud to enter into a dealing to by using the common seal of the company. He got access to the seal due to the negligence of the director. The court held that the dealing is binding on the company. Application The issues in relation to the case have already been identified which is the application of the indoor management rule. The above discussed rules suggest the situation in which the indoor management rule can be applied and disregarded. These rules have to be applied to the facts of the case in order to come to an reasoned conclusion. In this case the registrar general had allowed a mortgage in relation to a transaction which has not been entered into by the organization (NORTHSIDE DEVELOPMENTS PTY. LTD) in a proper manner. The transaction has been approved by a person who purported to act as the company secretary of the company but in reality he was not. In this situation there was alleged knowledge on the part of the director that there was some kind of discrepancy in relation to the authority of the company secretary. As per the indoor management rule it can be stated that the third party who is the registrar has the right to make an assumption with respect to the transaction that the person acting on behalf of the company has complied with all requirements in relation to internal management of the organization. the person is deemed to have authority in the given situation by the third party as per the --- case. However there are various exceptions to this rule, these exceptions thus have to be applied in the given facts of the case. The first exception which is going to be applicable is Morris v. Kanssen. Here the primary reason for the non applicability of the indoor management rule was that where a reasonable person would have the idea of making an inquiry due to the suspicion incurred by him, he has to make that inquiry and cannot merely rely upon the application of this rule. The inquiry has to be made towards the verification of the authority of the person who is purporting to act on behalf of the organization. in this situation the transaction has been approved by a person who purported to act as the company secretary of the company but in reality he was not. In this situation there was alleged knowledge on the part of the director that there was some kind of discrepancy in relation to the authority of the company secretary. Thus it was the duty of the registrar general to make an add itional inquiry in relation to the authority of the company secretary which was actually not done in this case. Further it can be stated that the registrar general attempted to rely on the rule in an unreasonable manner and thus the application of the rule in the given situation would not be fair. Through the application of the principles which have been stated above in the case of Kreditbank Cassel G.m.b.H. v. Schenkers it can be determined that the rule cannot further be applied. This is because the assumption which had been made by the respondent in this situation was not carried out in good faith. In addition through the application of Ruben v Great Fingall Consolidated where it had been stated that doctrine of making assumption can be applied in circumstances which have the element of irregularity which may have had an impact on the dealing otherwise in a bona fide manner and the application is strictly prohibited in situation where there is an element of forgery, it is evident that the application of the indoor management rule should not be done in this case. There was clear evidence which was present in this case which suggested that there was an attempt to appoint the son of the director in the position of the company secretary of the company. The person was thus actually not the company secretary of the company when the dealing had actually been entered upon into. Thus the court will be correct in relation to the findings that the dealing has not been properly conducted in terms of execution of the documents and thus is invalid. In addition a reasonable person who had the knowledge about such situation in the position of the respondent would have taken addition measures to verify or make inquiries in relation to the authority of the company secretary. Conclusion Thus in the given situation it can be evidently concluded through the application of the above discussed rules that the application of the indoor management rule in this case to protect the respondent should not be done. References A.L. Underwood Ltd. v. Bank of Liverpool (1924) 1 KB 775 Bank of Ireland v. Evans' Trustees (1855) 5 HLC 389 (10 ER 950) E.B.M. Co. Ltd. v. Dominion Bank (1937) 3 All ER 555, Kreditbank Cassel G.m.b.H. v. Schenkers (1927) 1 KB 826. Morris v. Kanssen (1946) AC 459 Rolled Steel Ltd. v. British Steel Corporation (1986) Ch 246 Ruben v Great Fingall Consolidated (1906) AC 439 The Royal British Bank v. Turquand (1856) 6 El. and Bl. 327 (119 ER 886).

Daniel L Schafer Analysis free essay sample

In Daniel L. Schafer’s book Anna Madgigine Jai Kingsley: African Princess, Florida Slave, Plantation Slaveowner, the life of a somewhat mysterious African born woman is broken down. There were many challenges to writing a biography on a woman who did not write any letters nor kept a diary on the events of her life. This and the fact that she was an African slave in the beginning of her life over in Florida made writing such a biography all the more challenging. I feel that Schafer has succeeded in providing an organized and descriptive piece on a historical figure whose background has very much been shrouded in mystery and uncertainty. The book stays true to the thesis and keeps Anna Madgigine Jai at the center of every topic. In the preface of this biography, Schafer makes his thesis very clear. He wants to write a â€Å"lively and imaginative yet scholarly† account of Anna Kingsley’s life that will appeal to a wide audience. He wants the reader to know the life of Anna and tries not to have her husband Zephaniah’s life accounts overpower hers. He begins by addressing the claims over in Florida that Anna was royalty in Africa. The claims of her being royalty can best be described as a legend that started to get passed around through word of mouth. There are no official documents stating if she was definitely royalty or not; also due to the fact that she was purchased as a slave by Zephaniah Kingsley, no documents of her family tree were recorded. However, Schafer did his best to find some truth in the legend. He relies on a local historian by the name of Abdou Cisse and also elders in the village of Yang Yang to explain the situations going on in the area around the time of Anna’s captivation to draw judgment on what her social status was in Africa. Their accounts both mention how Anna’s father was in competition for the throne but failed in the end, and Abdou Cisse mentions that the family would not want it to be known that Anna was a slave (Schafer 16-17). I feel that Schafer used this information in a responsible way that is sure to not mislead his reader, he makes it clear that her status of being royalty is uncertain. This portion of the book is a good example of how Schafer is able debunk tall tales from facts with the help of credible historical accounts. His quoting and references from many historical documents and people is what makes his book accurate and unbiased. Schafer uses many different sources to help drive and reinforce important points in Anna Kingsley’s life. He includes excerpts from interviews done with the people in Anna’s life, one such interview includes one done with Zephaniah Kingsley by Lydia Maria Child. The interview relates to the tales of Anna’s supposedly royal backgrounds and also the place of her marriage. Once again, Schafer is speaking on an uncertain topic but still manages to have strong supportive references so that the reader can get a better feel of what Anna’s life may have been like. I think one of the best sources he decided to include in his book were the accounts from the book The Summer of the Great-Grandmother by Madeleine L’Engle. This book gives accounts on the visits of a woman named Susan Philippa Fatio L’Engle to Anna Kinglsey when she was at Fort George Island. According to the book, the two women became friends and implies that Anna was a very interesting woman and provided enough conversation to keep such a â€Å"distinguished white lady† intrigued (Schafer 61). This source is important because it breaks down the idea that women of different races did not bond at all during such a racially segregated time. I feel that it also shows Anna being someone who can socialize with people of many different background types and does not feel inferior to whites because of her skin tone. This shows she considered herself equal to whites during the time, instead of bowing down to them, she bonded with them. This is the image that I feel Schafer wants us to see when we think of Anna Kingsley. She was a strong woman placed in a position that yielded power and respect from many races. Schafer also portrayed Anna as a heroine by telling the story of how she set fire to her own home after the British had taken over (Schafer 42). This story may or may not be true as well, but I feel Schafer added it in his book to further reinforce his idea of the woman Anna may be. Anna Kingsley’s life is described by Schafer through many time periods. He does not focus on one point in her life too strongly while leaving some areas lacking in detail or evidence, each time period in her life has substantial supporting evidence. His book is organized chronologically and gives insight on events during the time that affected Anna’s life as a slave married to her owner and also when she was a free black woman. He also explains the lives of Anna and Zephaniahs children in great detail. He is sure to include how events that effected Anna’s life also effected theirs. One of the strongest aspects of this book is how he used the accounts from other people and the situations that those people faced in a way that still keeps Anna as the main focal point. Even though he is using the lives of other people to tell her story, he does so in a way that does not confuse the reader. He worked well with the limited information he found and went the extra mile b y traveling to the area Anna was believed to be a descendant from in order to learn more about her. There is still some uncertainty about all of the events involving Anna Kingsley, but Schafer’s book does manage to clear up some of the mysteries that involve Anna and gives historical insight of how Florida was during the times slave trading was practiced.